New conversion surfaces to enhance spacecraft instruments

SwRI space scientists are collaborating with materials specialists to create more effective particle detection surfaces for spacecraft instruments. Pictured is a conversion surface substrate developed specifically for the IMAP-Lo instrument.Southwest Research Institute has invested in research to enhance the capabilities of spacecraft instruments. Consequently, they have developed more effective conversion surfaces for the detection and analysis of low-energy particles in outer space.

Conversion surfaces are often used in spacecraft instruments and act as ultra-smooth, ultra-thin surfaces covering a silicon wafer. Also, they are designed to convert neutral atoms into ions. This simplifies the detection and analysis of particles from outer space. “When low-energy atoms enter the instrument from outer space, they bounce off the conversion surface. They either gain or lose an electron, making their electrical charge unbalanced,” explained Dr. Sokół. The significance of conversion surfaces lies in their ability to alter particles’ charge, facilitating easier detection and analysis.The longevity and efficiency of conversion surfaces are critical to the success of space missions.

“The surface also must be as smooth as possible — close to perfect. If the surface is not smooth enough, particles will be slowed by energy scattering, which makes it much more difficult to detect and analyze their properties.”

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