Battling climate change allergies: Innovative approaches mitigate risks of airborne allergens

By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Jun 21 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Allergic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma are considered adverse effects of climate change on human health. The underlying mechanism responsible for this association is the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature, which affects airborne allergens such as fungal spores and pollen.

Background The warming of the Earth’s atmosphere is occurring at an unprecedented rate and is largely being driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. The global CO2 concentration increased to 414.71 parts per million in 2021 as compared to pre-industrial levels of about 280 ppm. These changes are impacting biological, physical, and human systems.

To this end, three translational mitigation approaches that could improve health outcomes were assessed. These approaches included automated real-time airborne allergen monitoring, smartphone apps for reducing the adverse impacts of airborne allergens, and airborne allergen forecasting and modeling. Due to these recent developments, research on aeroallergens has rapidly progressed. Modern technology could change the understanding of aerobiological processes and make high-quality information available for the benefit of specialists.

The transition from classical Hirst-trap-based pollen observations to new real-time monitoring technology is the new frontier in model development. This is expected to increase the role of models as the primary source of aerobiological information.

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