, where atom motion is frozen at 0 K. The energy width and shift can be detected simultaneously; therefore, the time evolution of the peak intensity was determined to be influenced by both the electronic and lattice temperatures. There are different behaviors in the energy shift and increase in the EELS intensity, which indicates that the electron density and probability are different at localized and bulk plasmons because of their different energy shifts.
The optical approach shows only the SPR due to the detection wavelength. In contrast, TEELS can reveal the relation between the time evolutions in surface and bulk plasmons. The experimental results show that bulk and surface plasmons have the same time evolution, which indicates that excited electrons on the surface and bulk regions have the same relaxation process in both electron–phonon and phonon–phonon interactions.
The authors wish to thank Dr. I. Nagaoki, Dr. T. Kobayashi, and Dr. S. Kawai of Hitachi High-Tech, and Dr. N. Togashi, Dr. Y. Yoshida, Dr. W. Nagata, Dr. K. Nakakura, and Dr. M. Furui of Nagoya University for helpful support and encouragement. The authors also thank Dr. J. Sasabe, Dr. M. Suyama, Dr. A. Ujima, Dr. Y. Matsuoka, and Dr. Y. Okamoto of Hamamatsu Photonics for technical support with the semiconductor photocathode.
Conceptualization ; Data curation ; Formal analysis ; Funding acquisition ; Investigation ; Methodology ; Project administration ; Resources ; Supervision ; Validation ; Visualization ; Writing – original draft ; Writing – review & editing .
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