A systematic search was conducted from inception to the 23rd of April 2023 to find related articles on online databases including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI . There was no language or any other restriction. The terms used are presented in Additional file
. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of the articles inception to the 23th of April 2023 . Finally, references of the selected articles were checked to detect additional related articles.
]. Two authors performed the quality assessments, and disagreements were resolved by a third author .Mean difference and its corresponding standard error in the change from baseline for body weight, BMI, WC, and FFM between intervention and control groups were calculated and used as effect size for meta-analysis. If the SD for change values were not provided, they were calculated by assuming 0.5 as the correlation coefficient between baseline and end-of-treatment values.