by professors Eric Hittinger at the Rochester Institute of Technology and Inês Azevedo at Carnegie Mellon University found that US grid-scale batteries were, on balance, more likelycharge when power is cheap and discharge when it’s expensive, but high and low power prices don’t necessarily correlate with high and low carbon emissions. Excess midday solar power can be cheap, but so can coal-fired power generated in the middle of the night when demand is low.
In the introduction to Version 2, EnergyTag says, “A Granular Certificate compliant with EnergyTag is a certificate relating to the characteristics of energyproduced during a period of one hour or less, issued in compliance with the requirements and rules of operation of the EnergyTag granular certificate scheme standard. This standard lays out the requirements that must be met in order to create an EnergyTag compliant granular certificate scheme.
That power was intermixed with everyday grid power containing hour-by-hour carbon emissions intensity metrics provided by ERCOT. Quinbrook assumed that the battery used solar energy to charge whenever it was available from day to day and hour to hour, and used “slices” of grid power for the rest of its charging.
In these cases, “batteries are jumping around a lot within an hour,” Allan said. Proving just how clean each of those increments of power discharges is, based on records of charging that may have come minutes beforehand, is “a nontrivial problem.” “Nontrivial” is probably an understatement. Any system that asks power buyers to certify the emissions intensity of their electricity needs to “have clarity on recording all these attributes, and also taking a track or keeping track of the losses” at the batteries, she said. EnergyTag’s recently released Version 2 standard offers “much further detail than what went into the first version, but more testing in real world conditions is underway.” That testing is exactly what Quinbrook Infrastructure Partners is doing.
In the past few years, government mandates have been added to these corporate pressures, he added — notably, the strict eligibility requirements for US and EU green hydrogen subsidies.
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