We are ignoring potentially valuable climate-change technologies

A crew works in March on collector containers, where air is collected, at the Climeworks carbon-capture plant in Hellisheidi, Iceland.Three years ago, I set out on a journey to tap into the knowledge of scientists and. I interviewed almost 100 climate scientists together with assorted engineers and entrepreneurs, and I learned about many new technologies in the early stages of development that will, when implemented at scale, help to mitigate climate change.

The bad news comes in two parts. One is that emerging techniques like these normally take 10 to 15 years to scale up, which is not much use in holding the warming down now. The other is that more than four-fifths of the world’s energy – 82 per cent – still comes from fossil fuels. People talk a lot about cutting emissions, but it isn’t actually happening. “We’re not getting rid of fossil fuels,” U.S. President Joe Biden said in 2020.

Back in 2015, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change made staying below 1.5 C at least into the 2030s its “aspirational goal,” but we have just had our first full year at that temperature. We are already in the danger zone and we will probably remain there, exposed to surprise upward surges in temperature at any time, so it would be very useful to have some techniques available for holding the temperature down.

To suggest that other measures might also be needed came to be seen as defeatist, almost treasonous. Some prominent climate scientists were militantly opposed to research on geoengineering even as an emergency measure, and most others just kept their heads down.It’s true that mitigation really is the only way to stop the warming permanently, as every advocate of geoengineering research acknowledges. However, if the average global temperature goes too high , then things start to fall apart.

The techniques for holding the temperature down are known in theory, and are neither dangerous nor very expensive. The two most promising ones are stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening. Can we stop Canada’s thawing permafrost from releasing huge volumes of greenhouse gases? The solution could be wild

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