A massive survey of the cosmos is revealing new details of one of the most mysterious facets of the universe, dark energy. Intriguingly, when combined with other observations, the data hint that dark energy, commonly thought to maintain a constant density over time, might evolve along with the cosmos.
Dark energy, an invisible enigma that causes the universe’s expansion to speed up over time, is poorly understood, despite making up the bulk of the universe’s contents. To explore that puzzle, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, has produced the largest 3-D map of the universe to date, researchers report April 4 in 10 papers posted on the held in Sacramento, Calif.
The study analyzes the project’s first year of data, mapping out the locations of 6.4 million galaxies and quasars — the ultrabright cores of violently active galaxies. This map allows scientists to estimate the rate of expansion of the universe, thanks to a handy size reference present in the universe. Sound waves in the early universe set up patterns in the density of matter in the universe, known as .
DESI scientists then compared their data to the standard cosmological theory, known as lambda CDM, in which dark energy’s density is assumed to be constant over time. The data matched that lambda CDM picture well. But the researchers didn’t stop there. They considered a theory in which dark energy’s behavior, namely its equation of state, is allowed to vary over time.
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