unique adaptations. These halophytes feature aerial roots that facilitate oxygen intake, essential for survival in waterlogged soils. Mangroves play a crucial ecological role, providing habitat, stabilizing shorelines, and contributing to nutrient cycling in marine environments.The world is not going to achieve net zero without implementing every tool available and nature-based climate solutions are going to play a critical role in mitigating climate change.
The research identifies the four nature-based climate solutions with the most robust scientific foundations. These turned out to be tropical forest conservation; temperate forest conservation; tropical forest reforestation; and temperate forest reforestation – these have the greatest certainty in carbon mitigation potential.
Even with that being the case, few credit buyers have the resources to fully understand the technical details of various projects or even the knowledge to ask the right questions. Crucial doubts have remained around the verifiability, sustainability and permanence of the quality of the carbon credits e.g. do they represent real reductions or removals, including issues such as additionality; permanence; double-counting and, of course, social safeguards and impacts.
Around 90% of the approaches assessed don’t yet have a sufficiently robust scientific basis on how to measure or account for carbon removal or the extent to which they are likely to provide long term mitigation. That is not decrying the enormous numbers of other benefits, which can range from biodiversity, to habitat conservation, to water quality to livelihood provision. These are all immensely valuable, it's just that the quantification of their climate impacts is currently uncertain.
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