EVs get efficiency boost from new heat pump technology

That's especially important in heavy, aerodynamically challenged pickups and SUVs. One of the best examples is the 2024 Ford F-150 Lightning.

Although most efforts to increase EV range and efficiency involve battery size and chemistry, power electronics, curb weight and aerodynamics, the heat pump plays a major role in EV efficiency as the temperature drops. Most major suppliers — including Valeo, Denso, Bosch, Highly Marelli and Hanon Systems — are working on second- or third-generation automotive heat pumps. Unlike most components, which tend to become smaller and less expensive with successive generations, heat pumps are expected to become larger and more complex as automakers use them to collect heat from a growing number of vehicle systems.

The major components of a heat pump include a compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve and a refrigerant, either liquid or gas. In a nutshell, a heat pump removes and transfers heat from air or from components. The refrigerant inside the heat pump system is either heated or cooled. Air passing over the condenser changes temperature, heating or cooling the cabin.

One of the most promising areas where efficiencies can be gained is the software that controls the heat pump.

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