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Its ruling – an “advisory opinion” that should nevertheless provide a precedent for cases elsewhere – also said countries must go beyond the requirements of the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement to protect the marine environment and the states that depend on it. The court said states have a legal obligation to monitor and reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change and laid out specific requirements for their environmental impact assessments.
Climate activists and lawyers said the decision could influence two opinions on states’ climate obligations that are pending from the Inter-American Court on Human Rights and the International Court of Justice.