Climate change: Four new emperor penguin groups found by satellite

With the discoveries, scientists believe they now know the whereabouts of all the world's remaining breeding pairs.

But this type of ice has diminished in parts of Antarctica and become more variable, certainly in recent years, putting a big question mark against the long-term viability of the species in an ever-warming world.They live in extreme conditions, collecting together during the height of the Antarctic winter to breed in distinct groupings.

"It's good that even as emperors are being affected by changing ice conditions, we're still finding colonies," said Dr Peter Fretwell from the British Antarctic Survey . The new Gipps colony, too, shows evidence in the satellite record of having shifted its position over time. Satellites have been the technique of choice for finding emperors. Antarctica's size and remoteness make observation from space the only practical approach.If the birds are gathered in large enough numbers, this staining will be visible even from space.He uses the EU's twin Sentinel-2 spacecraft. Their repeat imagery has, for example, allowed the BAS scientist to monitor the repeated attempts by emperors to re-establish a colony near Britain's Halley research station.

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