Climate change likely impacted human populations in the Neolithic and Bronze Age

Human populations in Neolithic Europe fluctuated with changing climates, according to a study published October 25, 2023 in the open-access journalThe archaeological record is a valuable resource for exploring the relationship between humans and the environment, particularly how each is affected by the other.

The study found a notable correlation between climate and human populations. During warm and wet times, populations tended to increase, likely bolstered by improved crops and economies. During cold and dry times, populations often decreased, sometimes experiencing major cultural shifts with potential evidence of increasing social inequality, such as the emergence of high status"princely burials" of some individuals in the Circumharz region.

The authors add:"Between 5500 and 3500 years ago, climate was a major factor in population development in the regions around the Harz Mountains, in the northern Alpine foreland and in the region of what is now the Czech Republic and Austria. However, not only the population size, but also the social structures changed with climate fluctuations.

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