Alerted by scientists to signs that the Earth's surface was warming, in 1988 the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to investigate.
Since 1995, so called "Conferences of the Parties", or COPs, have been meeting to pursue that elusive goal.In 1997, nations agreed in Kyoto, Japan, on a 2008-2012 timeframe for industrialised nations to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by an average of 5.2 percent from 1990 levels. In October 2007, the UN panel shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former US vice president Al Gore for their efforts in raising the alarm about climate change.Participants at the COP15 gathering in Copenhagen failed to achieve an agreement for the post-2012 period.
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