Dynamical Dark Energy Might Explain Strange 21-cm Signal

These theoretical models have a lot of parameters which can change how dark matter and dark energy evolve with time. Thankfully we have a lot of very stringent cosmological observations that can put strict limits on how these models can evolve. And so the name of the game is to find models that agree with all existing observations but provide some new observation that will allow us to test the idea..

This model is tuned to match all existing observations with one additional twist. Back in 2018 a team of astronomers reported that the detection of a long sought-after radio signal from. This signal is created by the emission of radiation from neutral hydrogen with a wavelength of precisely 21 cm. Those astronomers discovered that signal but found that the signal was twice as strong as could be accounted for in traditional cosmology.

This new research shows that a model where dark energy is evolving and is coupled to dark matter can potentially explain that signal, as well as agree with all other cosmological observations. Crucially, the interaction between dark matter and dark energy triggers the formation of stars and galaxies to occur earlier than it does in standard cosmology, which creates a stronger 21-cm signal.

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