Know These Seven Terms and You'll Be an Electric-Vehicle Expert

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Understand these concepts and you'll be able to compare and contrast EVs' performance and capabilities—and you'll be the neighborhood expert on this new tech.

More than 10 years ago, the EPA wanted to come up with a way to show how efficient EVs are compared to gasoline cars. It created MPGe—which stands for miles per gallon equivalent—that is directly comparable to a gas vehicle's mpg number on an energy basis, by dividing the energy the EV uses by the typical amount contained in one gallon of gasoline . EVs use energy much more efficiently than gas vehicles.

Alternatively, some veteran EV drivers measure efficiency in how many miles they get from 1 kWh of battery capacity. A good rule of thumb is that, in mixed driving, expect roughly three miles per kWh—though as they say, your mileage may vary.This one is complicated but valuable to know nonetheless. Just as a battery delivers power at a given rate of kilowatts over time it can be recharged at a given rate as well.

Today, most EVs cover most of their miles on home recharging, which usually takes place at night; some drivers can also charge their EVs at work during the day. Both types of recharging are done via AC charging either at Level 1—the standard North American 120-volt wall socket—or the more powerful Level 2, via a dedicated home charging station with its own 240-volt circuit.Level 1 charging moves at glacial speed; it will add roughly two to three miles of range per hour.

Those charging rates aren't sustained through the entire charging cycle, though, meaning a car capable of charging at 350 kW may only charge at that quick rate when the battery is almost depleted, and only for 10 to 20 percent of the recharge cycle. Beyond that point it will start to slow the charging rate to protect the battery, since fast charging produces a lot of heat—the enemy of battery life.

 

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