Weakly collisional and collisionless plasmas are typically far from local thermodynamic equilibrium , and understanding energy conversion in such systems is a forefront research problem. The standard approach is to investigate changes in internal energy and density, but this omits energy conversion that changes any higher-order moments of the phase space density.
In this Letter, we calculate from first principles the energy conversion associated with all higher moments of the phase space density for systems not in LTE. Particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection reveal that energy conversion associated with higher-order moments can be locally significant.
PhysRevLett This new article reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the First Law. Energy conservation is valid regardless of whether a system is in equilibrium.
PhysRevLett Reading the abstract of the paper and this article feels like they are almost unrelated. Anyway, I wish I had known energy was conserved when I was studying plasma physics..:)
PhysRevLett oh thats nothing. we're ready to build and fly superconducting plasma engines. eliminates turbines, both electric and hydrocarbon based. but i digress, no one outside dod even knows it is flight ready.
PhysRevLett Half truths and knowing energy is always changing (Remember Constance?) puts you in danger of misinformation since your company existence. Once the sleeping awake, I feel sorry for none.
PhysRevLett Thesis statement: The double split experiment and the command 'let there be light' as stated in the Bible demonstrate that light as a wave is not bound by the laws of physics because it is a universal law set forth by God in the beginning. The double split experiment has puzzled…
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