The cathode is the single most expensive element, accounting for up to a third of the cost of a battery cell. Most lithium ion batteries today use one of two types of cathodes: nickel cobalt manganese or lithium iron phosphate .
Because lithium is stored in both cathode and anode, these cells are generally known as lithium ion. The separator, as its name implies, keeps the cathode and anode from touching each other and causing an electrical short. Different materials can be used in each of the battery's key components; different combinations will have different effects on various aspects of battery performance, from how much energy can be stored to how quickly or how many times the battery can be charged.
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