Climate change makes India's monsoons erratic. Can farmers still find a way to prosper?

A farmer walks as he works in a paddy field on the outskirts of Gauhati, India, July 30, 2021. FILE - A farmer walks as he works in a paddy field on the outskirts of Gauhati, India, July 30, 2021. Human-caused climate change is making rainfall more unpredictable and erratic, which makes it difficult for farmers to plant, grow and harvest crops on their rain-fed fields. FILE - A farmer walks as he works in a paddy field on the outskirts of Gauhati, India, July 30, 2021.

Lahuane Rao, an elected head of a village, gazes into the dry well near damaged sugarcane fields due to drought in Beed district, India, Saturday, May 4, 2024. India typically has two monsoons: one from June to September moving southwest to northeast, and another from October to December going the opposite direction.

Rajeevan added that hydropower resources that generate large amounts of electricity are also built with sustained rains in mind, and extreme rain and floods can lead to health issues such as increased cases of typhoid, cholera and malaria. Tezveer Singh, a farmer in Ambala city in Haryana remembers how “entire towns and fields were flooded, hundreds of cattle died due to drowning and three people lost their lives” there in last year’s flooding.

Vishwas Chitale, who leads the climate resilience team at the New Delhi-based Council on Energy, Environment and Water, said making localized weather predictions and changing the times of year farmers plant their crops accordingly can help. Some farmers are already adapting to a warmer world. In southern Kerala state, an organic farming collective has begun altering when they sow and harvest plants according to shifting rain patterns. The farming collective has also drawn up an agriculture calendar that factors in climate change that they share with other local farmers.

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