” – the upstream and downstream movement of fish and other animals that I illustrated with a metaphor of an elevated freeway: they provide effective pathways to get from Point A to Point B but are highly vulnerable to any sort of blockage; if the path is obstructed, the travelers are stuck, generally without other options to go around.
Just as all the “productivity” that you and your car need are lacking on the actual freeway, but are abundant in adjacent rest areas, a river’s productivity is often concentrated within its lateral floodplain habitats. The most productive rivers in the world—including the Mekong, Irrawaddy and Amazon—are those that still retain large areas of connected floodplain.
To extend the metaphor of river ecosystems as freeways, the majority now have significant obstructions that halt traffic. Many other rivers have lost most of their rest stops. And far too many have suffered both fates.is not just a dispatch of disruption. It also includes a roadmap for recovery. The paper focuses on seven solutions for restoring or maintaining river connectivity, with case studies for each demonstrating the feasibility of the solution .
A broad range of solutions are needed to counter current and rising flood risks, including better weather forecasting, warning systems and evacuation plans. Ensuring that people don’t live in areas with flood risk will be crucial, though note that current trends are in the wrong direction: a, an area the size of Spain—will occur in areas at risk of flooding. Dams and levees will continue to be important, particularly for cities that already occupy floodplains.
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