Though Africa has a wealth of fossil fuels, including many newly discovered oilfields, it is the continent’s renewable resources that are increasingly being seen to make it a global powerhouse.
At SA’s first green hydrogen summit, in November 2022, President Cyril Ramaphosa stressed that renewable energy projects present a unique opportunity for the country to drive industrialisation and attract foreign green energy investment. These types of large-scale mixed renewables projects are starting to proliferate across the continent. For example, there is Aman, the huge new green hydrogen plant under development in Mauritania, which will use a mix of solar and wind power from the desert to produce green hydrogen fuel and green nitrogen.
In future, particularly in East Africa where there has been an over-dependence on the Nile, renewables will need to come from a more diverse range of natural resources. For example, Tanzania possesses an abundance of renewable energy sources but connection to the grid is at low levels because generating capacity is insufficient, resulting in energy poverty. The country used to depend on hydropower for 90% of its energy, but when climate change hit that dependence caused a power crisis.
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