Numerous studies have documented that exposure to polluted air, especially air polluted with PM, is the main risk factor for the development of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders such as ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., 80% are attributed to heart diseases and strokes, while the remaining 20% correspond to respiratory disorders and cancer.
Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez, PhD, director of environmental health at the Center for Studies in Population Health of the National Institute of Public Health, told theedition that the riskiest pollutants differ according to region. For example, he explained that in cities like Monterrey, Mexicali, and some in the Bajío region, the greatest problems are with high concentrations of PMand ozone, he said.
Aztatzi-Aguilar, head of the Inhalatory and Integrative Toxicology Laboratory 26 of the Toxicology Department at CINVESTAV, noted that there is no safe level of exposure because any of the pollutants can cause negative biologic effects. Thus, when a pathogen like the tuberculosis bacillus or SARS-CoV-2 appears, exposed individuals become much more vulnerable to contagion.
Most of the research on the effects of air pollutants has focused on evaluating cardiorespiratory symptoms, airway inflammation, and lung function damage. However, the inflammatory response in the airways can extend to other organs, thus causing genetic, biochemical, physiologic, and tissue alterations.particles, said Aztatzi-Aguilar, contain a component called endotoxin , which can cause damage beyond the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, especially affecting kidney function.
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